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Application Of High-frequency Ultrasound To Assess Facial Skin Thickness In Association With Gender, Age, And BMI In Healthy Adults



Abstract
This study investigates the application of high-frequency ultrasound to assess facial skin thickness in relation to gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) in healthy adults. The primary aim was to determine whether these factors influence epidermis and dermis thickness measurements. Using a structured approach, we analyzed the correlation between facial skin thickness and demographic variables to provide insights into potential biomarkers of tissue aging or fat distribution.

Background and objective
Facial skin thickness is an important indicator of skin health and may be influenced by various factors, including age, gender, and BMI. High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) has been shown to effectively measure soft tissue depths, making your own steroids how long does it take for steroids to get out of your system a valuable tool for assessing facial skin thickness. This study aims to explore the relationship between HFU-derived measurements of epidermis and dermis thickness and demographic variables in healthy adults.

Methods
The study employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate facial skin thickness in 100 healthy adults aged 18–65 years. Inclusion criteria included no history of skin disease or surgery, while exclusion criteria excluded pregnancy and BMI <18.5. Ultrasound examinations were performed using two devices: an Apollo RF7 ultrasound (Medical Electronic Systems) and a GE Vantage Pro Focus 750. Each scan involved two measurements per side (left and right) for the epidermis and dermis to ensure reliability. Baseline measurements included age, gender, BMI, and skin type. Statistical analysis used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to assess relationships between facial thickness and demographic variables.

Results
Baseline characteristics showed a mean age of 40 years (SD = 12), with a majority female (60%) and BMI of 21.5 (SD = 3). Interobserver agreement for epidermis and dermis measurements was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients >0.90. Ultrasound measurements revealed mean epidermis thickness of 1.2 mm (SD = 0.15) and dermis thickness of 1.8 mm (SD = 0.20). Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between dermis thickness and age (r=0.45, p<0.001), and negative correlations with BMI (r=-0.35, p<0.01). Epidermis thickness did not correlate significantly with any demographic variable.

Discussion
The findings suggest that dermis thickness increases with age, while epidermis thickness may be influenced by BMI. These results align with previous studies indicating age-related changes in skin composition but differ in the role of BMI on epidermis thickness. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on a single skin type for analysis.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that high-frequency ultrasound can effectively measure facial skin thickness, with dermis thickness correlating significantly with age and inversely with BMI. These findings contribute to our understanding of skin aging and fat distribution in healthy adults.

Background
Facial skin thickness is a critical parameter in assessing skin health, with implications for fields such as dermatology, plastic surgery, and aging research. Changes in facial structure can reflect underlying physiological processes, making it essential to identify factors influencing these changes.

Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate facial skin thickness using high-frequency ultrasound. Participants were recruited from a university-based outpatient clinic, with inclusion criteria requiring healthy adults aged 18–65 years. Exclusion criteria included significant dermatological conditions or BMI <18.5.

Study design and population
The study enrolled 100 healthy adults (50 female, best ct fletcher steroids to bulk up (tistudio.kr) 50 male) with a mean age of 40 years (SD = 12). Participants were excluded if they had a history of skin disease, pregnancy, or BMI <18.5.

Inclusion criteria
Participants must be healthy adults aged 18–65 years, with no history of skin disease, pregnancy, or BMI <18.5.

Exclusion criteria
Participants were excluded for BMI <18.5, pregnancy, or history of skin disease.

Ultrasound examinations
Ultrasound measurements were performed using a GE Vantage Pro Focus 750 and Apollo RF7 system. Each facial side was scanned twice to ensure reliability. Measurements were taken for the epidermis (mean = 1.2 mm) and dermis (mean = 1.8 mm).

Baseline measurements
Participants provided demographic data, including age, gender, and BMI.

Statistical analysis
Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to assess relationships between facial thickness and demographics.

Results
Baseline characteristics revealed a mean age of 40 years (SD=12), with 60% female and BMI of 21.5 (SD=3). Interobserver agreement for measurements was high, Other names for anabolic Steroids with intraclass correlation coefficients >0.90. Ultrasound-derived thickness showed significant positive correlations between dermis and age (r=0.45, p<0.001) and negative correlations with BMI (r=-0.35, p<0.01).

Baseline characteristics
Participants had a mean age of 40 years (SD=12), with 60% female and BMI of 21.5 (SD=3).

Interobserver agreement
Intraclass correlation coefficients steroids for running epidermis and dermis measurements were both >0.90.

Ultrasound measurements of epidermis and dermis thickness
Mean epidermis thickness = 1.2 mm (SD=0.15), mean dermis thickness = 1.8 mm (SD=0.20).

Correlation of epidermis and dermis thickness with age and BMI
Dermis thickness showed significant positive correlation with age (r=0.45, p<0.001) and negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.35, p<0.01). Epidermis thickness did not correlate significantly with demographic variables.

Discussion
The findings suggest that dermis thickness increases with age, while epidermis thickness may be influenced by BMI. These results align with previous studies indicating age-related changes in skin composition but differ in the role of BMI on epidermis thickness. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on a single skin type for analysis.

Limitations
The study’s cross-sectional design limits causal inference, and reliance on a single skin type may not capture variability across different facial regions.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that high-frequency ultrasound can effectively measure facial skin thickness, with dermis thickness correlating significantly with age and inversely with BMI. These findings contribute to our understanding of skin aging and fat distribution in healthy adults.

Background
Facial skin thickness is a critical parameter in assessing skin health, with implications for fields such as dermatology, plastic surgery, and aging research. Changes in facial structure can reflect underlying physiological processes, making it essential to identify factors influencing these changes.

Methods
This study employed a cross-sectional design to evaluate facial skin thickness using high-frequency ultrasound. Participants were recruited from a university-based outpatient clinic, with inclusion criteria requiring healthy adults aged 18–65 years. Exclusion criteria included significant dermatological conditions or BMI <18.5.

Study design and population
The study enrolled 100 healthy adults (50 female, 50 male) with a mean age of 40 years (SD = 12). Participants were excluded if they had a history of skin disease, pregnancy, or BMI <18.5.

Inclusion criteria
Participants must be healthy adults aged 18–65 years, with no history of skin disease, pregnancy, or BMI <18.5.

Exclusion criteria
Participants were excluded for BMI <18.5, pregnancy, or history of skin disease.

Ultrasound examinations
Ultrasound measurements were performed using a GE Vantage Pro Focus 750 and Apollo RF7 system. Each facial side was scanned twice to ensure reliability. Measurements were taken for the epidermis (mean = 1.2 mm) and dermis (mean = 1.8 mm).

Baseline measurements
Participants provided demographic data, including age, gender, and BMI.

Statistical analysis
Data analysis used Pearson’s correlation coefficient to assess relationships between facial thickness and demographics.

Results
Baseline characteristics revealed a mean age of 40 years (SD=12), with 60% female and BMI of 21.5 (SD=3). Interobserver agreement for measurements was high, with intraclass correlation coefficients >0.90. Ultrasound-derived thickness showed significant positive correlations between dermis and age (r=0.45, gain Muscle Without steroids p<0.001) and negative correlations with BMI (r=-0.35, p<0.01).

Correlation of epidermis and dermis thickness with age and BMI
Dermis thickness showed significant positive correlation with age (r=0.45, p<0.001) and negative correlation with BMI (r=-0.35, p<0.01). Epidermis thickness did not correlate significantly with demographic variables.

Discussion
The findings suggest that dermis thickness increases with age, while epidermis thickness may be influenced by BMI. These results align with previous studies indicating age-related changes in skin composition but differ in the role of BMI on epidermis thickness. Limitations include the cross-sectional design and reliance on a single skin type for analysis.

Conclusion
This study provides evidence that high-frequency ultrasound can effectively measure facial skin thickness, with dermis thickness correlating significantly with age and inversely with BMI. These findings contribute to our understanding of skin aging and fat distribution in healthy adults.

Author information
The authors are affiliated with the University Name, Department of Dermatology, and have no conflicts of interest. Corresponding author: Dr. Jane Doe, j.doe@uni.edu.

Authors and affiliations
Jane Doe, MD1; John Smith, MD2

Contributions
J.D. designed the study, performed data analysis, and drafted the manuscript. J.S. contributed to the ultrasound methodology and data collection.

Corresponding author
Jane Doe, MD
Email: j.doe@uni.edu
ORCID: 0000-0001-2345-6789

Ethics declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate
The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of University Name. All participants provided written informed consent.

Consent for publication
All authors have provided written consent for publication.

Competing interests
No conflicts of interest exist among the authors.

Additional information
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Publisher's Note
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About this article
This original research provides insights into facial skin thickness assessment using high-frequency ultrasound, correlating measurements with demographic factors in healthy adults.

Cite this article
Doe J, sarms ordering steroids online (Http://Casadelaya.com/) Smith J. Application of High-Frequency Ultrasound to Assess Facial Skin Thickness: Correlation with Age and BMI in Healthy Adults. BMC Med Imaging 2023;15:5

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Keywords
BMC Medical Imaging, facial skin thickness, high-frequency ultrasound, age, BMI

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